Miss Lulu Bett — A Reader’s Guide

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Gale, Zona, 1874-1938 Project Gutenberg 2003
Single women -- Fiction; Feminist fiction; Middle West -- Fiction; Divorced women -- Fiction; Housekeepers -- Fiction; Self-realization -- Fiction Readers of public-domain and historical texts
Project Gutenberg digital edition en

Edition facts

Words: 40,600
Reading time: 177 min
Text sections: 6
Zona Gale's 1921 novel uses precise diction and ironic dialogue to expose the constrained life of Lulu Bett, a household drudge in a small Midwestern town, as she navigates family dynamics and a sham marriage.
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The Deacons are at supper, and the first chapter immediately establishes the household's power dynamics through speech. Mr. Deacon repeats the same joke about turning down the gas, his language described as 'making something to say' rather than speaking naturally. His wife responds 'gently' to everything, even a request for extra milk. Their child Monona stages a refusal to eat, and from the margins emerges Lulu Bett, the older sister who 'perpetually hovered' and is called the 'family beast of burden.' Gale's narrator interjects with dry observations—'One wondered how she thought of it'—that undercut the domestic scene without overt commentary.

Diction as Characterization

Gale uses repeated verbal tics to define her characters. Mr. Deacon favors the adjectives 'festive' and 'beautiful,' applying them indiscriminately to food and clothing. His speech is performative: 'He seldom spoke as a man speaks who has something to say, but as a man who makes something to say.' Mrs. Deacon's habitual hesitation is described as a natural trait—'by nature, as another is by nature vivacious or brunette.' The child Monona speaks with an upward inflection and 'chin pertly pointed,' her refusals delivered in 'precisely her original tone.' These verbal habits are not merely quirks; they signal each character's role in the family theater. Lulu, by contrast, speaks plainly and directly, as when she offers to make milk toast: 'Can't I make her a little milk toast?' Her language lacks ornament, marking her as the practical, undervalued member of the household.

The Ironic Narrator's Eye

Gale's third-person narrator frequently inserts wry asides that expose the gap between what characters say and what they mean. When Mrs. Deacon adds 'On toast' to her description of creamed salmon, the narrator comments: 'Why she should say this so gently no one can tell. She says everything gently.' The effect is to highlight the absurdity of the family's polite veneer. Later, when Dwight Deacon writes a letter under Lulu's pressure, the narrator notes his hand 'elaborately curved in secrecy about the envelope.' In the dentist's office, the sign advertises 'Gold Work a Speciality (sic) in black lettering, and Justice of the Peace in gold'—a small but pointed detail about his pretensions. These observations do not moralize; they let the reader see the contradictions without being told.

Domestic Space and Power

The physical setting reinforces Lulu's marginal status. She 'emerges from the fringe of things' at the supper table, and the narrator states bluntly: 'They were not making her a home, goodness knows.' The kitchen, where she goes to prepare Monona's milk toast, is her domain of labor. In the second excerpt, Dwight and Ina discuss Lulu's behavior in their bedroom, a space from which she is excluded. Dwight's language reveals his need to control the narrative: he calls Lulu's actions 'brazen' and insists that 'no really nice woman' would behave as she did. Ina's weak defense—'She's awfully good'—is undercut by her own complicity. The storefront below Dwight's office, with its succession of failed tenants and a 'music man' who installs three pianos, suggests a town in flux, but the domestic interior remains rigidly hierarchical.

Dialogue as Conflict

Gale's dialogue carries the novel's tension through indirect confrontation. When Lulu demands that Dwight write to his brother Ninian, she states her terms plainly: 'I shall tell what I know and then leave your house anyway, unless you get Ninian's word.' Dwight responds with theatrical reluctance: 'Rather than let you in for a show of temper, I'd do anything.' His language frames her legitimate demand as a tantrum. In the bedroom scene, Dwight's interrogation of Ina—'Would you have done that?'—is a manipulation that forces her to choose loyalty over truth. Ina's final thought, 'What if it was Di?' is dismissed with a platitude about 'ladylike feelings.' The dialogue never becomes a shouting match; instead, it reveals how power is exercised through words, with Lulu's directness standing out against the family's evasions.

Readers attentive to Gale's craft will notice how she builds a critique of domestic servitude without ever stating it outright. The novel's structure—chapters named after months from April to September—mirrors a seasonal cycle that may or may not bring change. Pay particular attention to the way minor characters, like Mrs. Bett with her comment about cardamom seeds, are used to reinforce the atmosphere of stifling routine. The excerpts suggest that Lulu's story is as much about the language used to contain her as about her actions.

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